Pin.



C. F. MARKHAM.

PIN.

APPLIUATION FILED MAR. 10, 1913. 1,078,769, Patented Sept. 23, 1913.

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lUNITE STATES PATENT GFFTCE..

CHARLES F. MARKHAM, 0F PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

PIN.

To all collo/ra t may oon/cern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. ManitirAM, a citizen ot' the United States, and resident of the city of Providence, in the county of Providence and State of fRhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pins, of which the 't'ollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in pinstems for brooches, buckles, cuil-pins, or the like.

The object of this invention is to provide a pin-stem that may be constructed ot' wire, the same being pointed at one end and provided with a head at the opposite end to receive the pivot pin, said head being constructed by bending the wire around in a loop torm proif'iding an eye for the pivot and forming an extension of a portion ot the stock on the under side of the head, lthe same projecting rearwardly otl the pivot point to provide a fulcrum surface adapted to engage the rear wall o't the pin body before the point of the pin engages the catch.

In the application of the pin-Stem to such articles as brocches or the like, it is found necessary to provide a fulcrum point against which the pin must rest to e'tlect a springl tension for the point when pressed into the catch or keeper.

The ordinary form ot pin-stem is provided with a head having a t'ulcrum point on its front edge beneath the stem and where no back plate is used on the pin body, and the joint ears are made integ 'al therewith, it has been necessary in using the usual style of pinstem to form an extremely shallow pin body in order to provide a resting place, fulcruin or support for the pin on the bottom ot' the body, thus limit-ing or controlling` to some extent the shape or style oitl the pinY body. In some cases the body has been built up on the inside or a support formed therein to provide the necessary rest or tulcrum point.

The above ditticulty is entirely obviated by the use of my improved construction which provides a pin-stem whose head is formed with a fulcruin surface on the side of the stem opposite to that from which the stem itself projects, so that the head may bring up against the rear wall of the pin body or at some point in the rear of the pivoting point, by which arrangement the construction ot the pin body is greatly simplilied, the expense is reduced, and the depth,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 10, 1913.

`Patented Sept. 23, 1913.

serial No. 753,162.

shape or style ot the pin body is not limited or controlled in any way by the action o'l the piirstem pivoted therein, the only limitation being the position ot the joint ears relative to the end wall ot the lpin body.

lVith these and other objects in view, the invention consists o'l certain novel :features of construction, as will be more fully de scribed and particularly pointed out in the appended claim.

Of the accompanying drawings: .Figure l is an enlarged view showing the stock from which my improved pin-stem is formed, said stock being in the form ot' a piece of wire. Fig. .2 illustrates the sccond step which is that ot pointing one cud and bending the other around in a loop to form an eye for the pivot. ll`ig. 3- 'is a perspective view showing the head portion in the finished -t'orm which is preferably obtained by `flattening and swaging' the head illustrated in Fig. 2. Fig. flshows a modification in which the rearwardly extending portion is provided by bending the wire into a rearwardly and downwardly extending leg, instead ot swag'iug thc wire as shown in Fig. il. Fig. 5-

a top view showing the head portion flattened. Fig. t3- illustrates my improved pin-stem as applied to a pin body showing the rear wall o't the pin body as providing a :tulerum 'for the pinstcm. Fig. 7- is the same as Fig. showingl the rear wall o't' the pin body as also providing a back stop 'for the pin-stem. Fig. S- is an enlarged transverse section on line S-S of Fig. showing one construc tion ot' pin body in which my inilnoved piustem may be mounted. Fig. 9 is a blank from which a pin body adapted to receive my improved pin-stem may be struck.

leterring to the drawing, 10 designates the body ol the pin-sten1 which is ln'et'erably constrl'lcted ot round wire, but wire ot other shapes in cross section may be used if desired. (')ne end oi this wire is pointed as at l1 and the opposite end l2 is bent around into a loop, as illustrated in Fig. 9., :tornling an eye l?) through which the pivot or pintle may pass. AA pin-stem tamstructed in this shape simply bent, around to itorm an eye for the pintle when mounted in a pin body requires a iulcrum ot some sort to be formed upon the pin body and engage the pin-stem forward ot the eye, and in order to avoid` the expense of provit'liug such a tulcrum, which in a so-called one piece pin is difficult and expensive to obtain,Igo further in the construction of the pin-stem, and flatten by swaging or otherwise, the looped shape head on both sides as at 14e- 14, see Fig. 5, and at the same time draw outand shape a rearwardly projecting portion 15, see Fig. 3, which portion is provided with an outer engaging fulcrum surface 16 on its rearwardly extending portion.

Another way of providing this rearwardly extending portion on the pin-stem head is by bending the stock part way'around the eye portion 18, then downwardly and rearwardly, as at 17, and then doubling the stock back upon itself as at 18 and carrying the end 12 around to practically abut the underside of the stem. In this way the rear wardly extending fulcrum engaging portion is formed in the head by bending the stock instead of swaging. The sides of the head after having been constructed as illustrated in Fig. 4 may be slightly flattened if desired,

`to make the head thinner.

rllhe pin body in which my improved pinstem is designed to be mounted is provided with a rear transverse wall or abutment 19, see Figs. 5 and 7, which may extend up nearly as high as the oint ears 20, if desired, whereby the rearwardly extending portion 15 of the pin-stem will engage the inner face ofthis rear wall before the point of the pin is engaged with the catch for the purpose of providing sufficient spring in the pin-stem to cause the pointed end, when engaging the catch, to be retained firmly therein. Vlt will be noted that the abutment 13 is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the body l and at the rear end of said body. By the rear end wish to be understood as referring to the end farthest from the end to which the catch member is applied. Another feature of this upwardly extending transverse wall in the pin body is that its upper edge may serve as a back stop for the pin-stem as illustrated in Fig. 7, to limit the rearward swing of the pin-stem while being passed through the fabric to which the pin is to be attached. ln practice millions of these little pin-stems are made and used every year, and any reduction in the cost of Istem are:

construction, even though v slight, means much to the manufacturer.

@ther advantages in the construction and practical operation of my improved pin- First, it may be made of round wire, the body of which being already smooth needs no further finishing, one end of this wire needs only to be pointed and theother end looped into my improved form to provide the fulcrum surface and the eye for the pint-le, which operations may be performed automatically, the wire being fed to one end ofy l the pin-stem forming machine and the finished product dropped out complete at'its opposite end, thereby reducing the cost of construction to the very minimum. I

Second, by constructingY my pin-stem Vof round wire bent in the sha-pe described there is absolutely no waste or scrap to the stock whatever'. On the contrary when made of fiat stock there is considerable waste.

Third, the number of operations of forming the pin of round wire is materially reduced.

Fourth, by the use of my improved pinstem the constructionof the pin body itself is simplified, as the rear wall of the body naturally pro-vides a fulcrum wall for the Y stem without the employment of other means in the pin body for accomplishing this purpose.

l claim: Y

A pin comprising a body formed of sheet metal having ears bent to form a pin tongue joint and an abutment wall substantially perpendicular to the plane of said body, and a wire pin tongue having one end bent into a loop pivotally mounted between said ears, a portion of the wall of said loop being extended rearwardly to form a fulcrum sur face arranged to bear against said abutment when the pin is closed, said abutment being located adj acent the rear end of said body.

In testimony whereof l affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

. CHARLES l?. li/lARKHAM. Witnesses:

HOWARD E. BARLow, E. I. OGDEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Gummissvoner of'Patents,

' Washington, D. C. 

